> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://yunzhao.gitbook.io/notes/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://yunzhao.gitbook.io/notes/computer-science/design-patterns/behavioral/strategy.md).

# Strategy

## 概念

策略模式：Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it. 定义一族算法类，将每个算法分别封装起来，让它们可以互相替换。策略模式可以使算法的变化独立于使用它们的客户端。

策略模式用于解耦策略的定义、创建、使用三部分。

常见的应用场景是避免冗长的 if-else 或 switch 分支判断。也能像模板方法一样，提供框架扩展点。

## 示例

### 定义

```java
public interface Strategy {
  void algorithmInterface();
}

public class ConcreteStrategyA implements Strategy {
  @Override
  public void  algorithmInterface() {
    //具体的算法...
  }
}

public class ConcreteStrategyB implements Strategy {
  ...
}
```

### 创建

```java
public class StrategyFactory {
  private static final Map<String, Strategy> strategies = new HashMap<>();

  static {
    strategies.put("A", new ConcreteStrategyA());
    strategies.put("B", new ConcreteStrategyB());
  }

  public static Strategy getStrategy(String type) {
    if (type == null || type.isEmpty()) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("type should not be empty.");
    }
    return strategies.get(type);
  }
}
```

{% hint style="info" %}
对于无状态的策略类，可以使用上面的方式，事先创建好策略实例。如果是有状态的，则需要每次新创建策略实例。
{% endhint %}

### 使用

```java
// 策略接口：EvictionStrategy
// 策略类：LruEvictionStrategy、FifoEvictionStrategy、LfuEvictionStrategy...
// 策略工厂：EvictionStrategyFactory

// 运行时动态确定，根据配置文件的配置决定使用哪种策略
public class Application {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    EvictionStrategy evictionStrategy = null;
    Properties props = new Properties();
    props.load(new FileInputStream("./config.properties"));
    String type = props.getProperty("eviction_type");
    evictionStrategy = EvictionStrategyFactory.getEvictionStrategy(type);
    UserCache userCache = new UserCache(evictionStrategy);
    //...
  }
}
```