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Computer Science
Chain of Responsibility
介绍
定义：Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it. 将请求的发送和接收解耦，让多个接收对象都有机会处理这个请求。将这些接收对象串成一条链，并沿着这条链传递这个请求，直到链上的某个接收对象能够处理它为止。
适用场景：一个请求的处理需要多个对象中的一个或几个协作处理。
优点：
- 请求的发送者和接受者解耦。
- 可以动态组合。
缺点：若责任链太长，则影响性能。
示例
方式 1
Handler 负责下一 Handler 的调用。
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public abstract class Handler {
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protected Handler successor = null;
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public void setSuccessor(Handler successor) {
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this.successor = successor;
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}
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public final void handle() {
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boolean handled = doHandle();
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if (successor != null && !handled) {
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successor.handle();
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}
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}
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protected abstract boolean doHandle();
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}
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public class HandlerA extends Handler {
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@Override
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protected boolean doHandle() {
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boolean handled = false;
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//...
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return handled;
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}
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}
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public class HandlerB extends Handler {
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@Override
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protected boolean doHandle() {
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boolean handled = false;
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//...
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return handled;
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}
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}
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public class HandlerChain {
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private Handler head = null;
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private Handler tail = null;
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public void addHandler(Handler handler) {
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handler.setSuccessor(null);
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if (head == null) {
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head = handler;
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tail = handler;
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return;
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}
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tail.setSuccessor(handler);
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tail = handler;
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}
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public void handle() {
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if (head != null) {
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head.handle();
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}
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}
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}
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// 使用举例
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public class Application {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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HandlerChain chain = new HandlerChain();
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chain.addHandler(new HandlerA());
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chain.addHandler(new HandlerB());
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chain.handle();
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}
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}
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方式 2
HandlerChain 负责下一 Handler 的调用。
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public interface IHandler {
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boolean handle();
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}
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public class HandlerA implements IHandler {
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@Override
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public boolean handle() {
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boolean handled = false;
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//...
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return handled;
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}
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}
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public class HandlerB implements IHandler {
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@Override
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public boolean handle() {
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boolean handled = false;
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//...
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return handled;
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}
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}
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public class HandlerChain {
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private List<IHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<>();
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public void addHandler(IHandler handler) {
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this.handlers.add(handler);
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}
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public void handle() {
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for (IHandler handler : handlers) {
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boolean handled = handler.handle();
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if (handled) {
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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// 使用举例
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public class Application {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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HandlerChain chain = new HandlerChain();
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chain.addHandler(new HandlerA());
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chain.addHandler(new HandlerB());
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chain.handle();
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}
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}
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源码
Servlet Filter
26 行的本质是递归调用，目的是为了可以实现双向拦截。
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// javax.servlet
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public interface Filter {
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public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException;
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
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FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException;
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public void destroy();
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}
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public interface FilterChain {
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
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throws IOException, ServletException;
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}
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// Tomcat 的实现
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public final class ApplicationFilterChain implements FilterChain {
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private int pos = 0; //当前执行到了哪个filter
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private int n; //filter的个数
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private ApplicationFilterConfig[] filters;
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private Servlet servlet;
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@Override
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
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if (pos < n) {
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ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = filters[pos++];
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Filter filter = filterConfig.getFilter();
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filter.doFilter(request, response, this);
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} else {
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// filter都处理完毕后，执行servlet
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servlet.service(request, response);
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}
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}
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public void addFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig) {
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for (ApplicationFilterConfig filter:filters)
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if (filter==filterConfig)
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return;
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if (n == filters.length) {//扩容
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ApplicationFilterConfig[] newFilters = new ApplicationFilterConfig[n + INCREMENT];
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System.arraycopy(filters, 0, newFilters, 0, n);
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filters = newFilters;
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}
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filters[n++] = filterConfig;
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}
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}
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// Spring 的 mock 实现，org.springframework.mock.web
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public class MockFilterChain implements FilterChain {
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private final List<Filter> filters;
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@Override
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
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Assert.notNull(request, "Request must not be null");
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Assert.notNull(response, "Response must not be null");
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if (this.request != null) {
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throw new IllegalStateException("This FilterChain has already been called!");
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}
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if (this.iterator == null) {
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this.iterator = this.filters.iterator();
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}
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if (this.iterator.hasNext()) {
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Filter nextFilter = this.iterator.next();
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nextFilter.doFilter(request, response, this);
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}
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this.request = request;
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this.response = response;
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}
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}
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// ch.qos.logback.classic.selector.servlet
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public class LoggerContextFilter implements Filter {
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public void destroy() {
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//do nothing
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}
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
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FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
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LoggerContext lc = (LoggerContext) LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory();
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ContextSelector selector = ContextSelectorStaticBinder.getSingleton().getContextSelector();
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ContextJNDISelector sel = null;
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if (selector instanceof ContextJNDISelector) {
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sel = (ContextJNDISelector)selector;
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sel.setLocalContext(lc);
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}
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try {
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chain.doFilter(request, response);
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} finally {
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if (sel != null) {
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sel.removeLocalContext();
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}
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}
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}
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public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
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//do nothing
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}
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}
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Spring Interceptor
DispatcherServlet 的 doDispatch() 在真正的业务逻辑执行前后，执行 HandlerExecutionChain 中的 applyPreHandle() 和 applyPostHandle() 函数。
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public class HandlerExecutionChain {
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private final Object handler;
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private HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors;
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public void addInterceptor(HandlerInterceptor interceptor) {
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initInterceptorList().add(interceptor);
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}
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boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
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HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
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if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
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for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {
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HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
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if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
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triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
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return false;
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}
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}
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}
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return true;
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}
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void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ModelAndView mv) throws Exception {
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HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
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if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
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for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
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HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
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interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
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}
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}
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}
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void triggerAfterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Exception ex)
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throws Exception {
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HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
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if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
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for (int i = this.interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
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HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
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try {
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interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, this.handler, ex);
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} catch (Throwable ex2) {
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logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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Last modified 1yr ago
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